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 Clan Chief & Clan HistoryAbout Our Clan ChiefThere is no question that, in 843AD, King Kenneth MacAlpin was our 1st Chief. He is the individual from whom our Clan subsequently took its name. However, ancient records are very few and almost nothing is known about persons living between then and about 1100 AD. Although we can probably presume that Kenneth's direct male line, which ruled Scotland for 200 years, represented the initial chiefly succession for our Clan, there is no clear picture of the succession following that time. By some point in time, probably by 1300 AD, Clan MacAlpine had become landless and the line of our Chief was lost; that is, we had become a "Broken Clan." Thus, our Clan has not had a Chief for more than 700 hundred years and it does not have one now.In early times, a Clan Chief picked his successor in accordance with the Gaelic practice of "Tanistry." The Chief would select the most able candidate within the "derbhfine" (an extended kinship group normally consisting of the male descendants of a common great-grandfather) but, usually a close relative, such as a brother, son, cousin, nephew, etc. Today, Tanistry has given way to the practice of passing the title directly from father to eldest son, and so on. In addition, today, any person claiming to be Chief of a Scottish Clan must petition the Lord Lyon in Scotland for a Coat of Arms and legally prove in Lyon Court they are entitled to be recognized as Chief. In cases where the Chiefly bloodline has been lost, such as with Clan MacAlpine, Lord Lyon has established guidelines and procedures that can be followed to form an "Ad Hoc Derbhfine" and find a new Clan Leader (called a “Commander”) who might ultimately be recognized as Chief, thereby establishing a new Chiefly bloodline. Given our Clan’s ancient and unrecorded history, it is not expected that any individual can prove to Lord Lyon's stringent requirements direct descent from our former Chiefs. Thus, we must follow Lyon Court's guidelines and procedures to form an Ad Hoc Derbhfine for the purpose of finding a new Clan Leader, a Commander, who might ultimately become our new Clan Chief. History of Clan MacAlpineThe history of the Royal Clan MacAlpine is ancient. In fact, our Clan claims the distinction of being the most ancient and the most purely Celtic of the Highland clans. The Clan reached its peak of power and influence at a time when no written record was kept, leaving only the vague history of tradition. This has led some to conclude, erroneously, that the Clan MacAlpine never existed. Yet, the voices of the bards (ancient oral historians) cannot be silenced and evidence of the Clan’s existence and significance abounds.Kenneth MacAlpin became the first King of Scotland in AD 843 when he united the Scots and the Picts. He was the son of King Alpin and the descendant of a long line of Dalriadic Kings. His direct male descendants ruled Scotland for the next 200 years and every Sovereign of Scotland since, including Queen Elizabeth II, today, has had his Royal blood coursing through their veins. It is from him that our Clan takes its name, and, thus, he is considered our first Chief. Of course, as King he was Chief of Chiefs and this is reflected in the name of our Society newsletter. But, certainly, he was the Chief of his own family branch, his “Clan.” From King Alpin and King Kenneth, several powerful branches emerged, eventually becoming formidable Clans in their own right. This group or family of related clans, of which Clan MacAlpine is certainly a part, is known as Siol Alpine. The history of Clan MacAlpine is shrouded in Scotland's distant past; it is debated by scholars and will likely never be clear. The written history of the Clan is currently a work in-progress of the Society. In the mean time, we offer the following for your reading enjoyment. Perhaps it was that King Kenneth’s brother, Donald, was the next Chief, to be followed by the succeeding Scottish monarchs of the MacAlpin dynasty through Malcolm II (1034 AD.) The line might then have vested with a distant male cousin that history has left unrecorded. Did they continue to exist as a family of power for a period of time? If so, there was no trace left by 1300 AD. King Kenneth undoubtedly brought many of his family advisors and Clansmen with him when he moved his capital from Argyllshire, the traditional seat of the Clan, to Scone, in Perthshire, leaving behind others to look after the interests in Argyll. Perhaps thusly was ultimately created a Chiefship of Clan MacAlpine separate from the Kingship of Scotland. The Clan seat in Argyll may have become an outpost on the old frontier of a New Kingdom. Perhaps potential successors to the throne were sent to Argyll as a Clan Chief, in order to sharpen their skills by managing the family interests there, before taking their successive turns as King. If so, it may have been that many were involved in the assassinations of sitting Kings, or the revenge thereof, as the history of MacAlpin descendants is littered with murder after murder, by one family member against another, in order to secure the throne. It may have been that several of these plots were launched from Argyll. Perhaps, after one such exchange, the Argyll Chief and his supporting clansmen were decimated in battle by a relative from Scone who sought to ensure that the Clan would be unable to pose a future threat but, also leaving it “broken.” Or, perhaps disenfranchised potential successors were sent to Argyll by the sitting King to keep them at a safe distance, busy defending against Viking raiders with little support from the Palace in Scone, in an attempt to minimize threats from his competitors. The position of Chief of the Clan MacAlpine seat in Argyll may have come to be known as an undesirable assignment. As such, the powers in Scone may have viewed the Clan’s holdings there merely as a source from which to repay local clan Chiefs for political favors. With the lands exhausted and the Chiefship unwanted, the MacAlpine clansmen and their families would have had no choice but to offer allegiance to other local clan Chiefs. Or, it might be that the Argyll Clan became broken as, at the urging of the MacAlpin King in Scone, various powerful family branches separated from the original line to establish strategic strongholds throughout the New Kingdom, each one, in turn, taking with it a share of clansmen. This may have been how the Siol Alpine family of clans was formed. The MacAlpine clansmen would have had to choose which faction to follow. As surnames were not in popular use in Scotland during ancient times, it is no surprise that it is the given (first) names of the progenitors (first Chiefs) of the various Clan MacAlpine branches that have survived to the present; each distinguishing a branch among the Siol Alpine Clans. Thus, MacAlpine clansmen would have had to indicate allegiance to one new branch or another, leaving behind his use of the predecessor name of Clan MacAlpine. Whatever the actual use of the old Clan seat, it seems clear that with the move of the capital to Scone, the stage was set for the ultimate breakdown of the Clan in Argyll. As time went on, power shifted and the Clan lost its members to other, sometimes related, more powerful clans in the region, ultimately becoming landless with no recognized Chief. This condition has persisted for the past five hundred years, or more. The following is a collection of some of what now makes up the written history of Clan MacAlpine: Writings of experts and old Gaelic sayings. We present them so that you gain an understanding of just how deeply these legends permeate Scottish history, remembering that most legends are based on fact. In his book, “The Scottish Tartans,” Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, Lord Lyon King of Arms, refers to the claim that this Royal Clan is the most ancient in the Highlands. He states that the Clan MacAlpine is Celtic and that records indicate that, for 25 generations, the Kings of Scotland were of MacAlpine lineage. He also states that the ancient crest was a boar’s head, the war cry being “Cumbrich Bas Ailpein" or, "Remember the death of Alpin,” and that the traditional home of the MacAlpines was Dunstaffnage, near Oban, Argyll. This former Lord Lyon is one of the most respected Lyons to serve Her Majesty and, therefore, his description of the Clan, its history, and its symbols is considered to be authoritative. There is an old Gaelic saying: “Cnuic `is uillt `is Ailpeinich” (“Hills and Streams and MacAlpine”, which signifies the origin of the MacAlpines was contemporary with the origin of the hills and streams, that is, the earth.) “Tradition claims MacAlpin or MacAlpine as the oldest and most purely Celtic of the Highland Clans, of royal descent from the dynasty of Kenneth MacAlpin who united the Picts and Scots into one kingdom from the year 850, and transferred his capital to Perthshire from Dunn Add in Dalriada (beside Loch Crinan.)” (From “Scots Kith & Kin,” page 49.) MacAlpine: One of the chief branches of the royal clan Alpin. Their seat is said to have been at Dunstaffnage in Argyll though they are now landless and without a recognized Chief. Siol Alpine is a name given to a group of clans that claim descent from Kenneth MacAlpin. They are the Grants, the MacAulays, the MacDuffs, the MacFies, the MacGregors, the MacKinnons, the MacNabs and the MacQuarries. Regarding the name MacAlpine, one of the earliest records of an early form of the name appears when John MacAlpyne witnessed a charter by Malise, earl of Stratherne, of the lands of Cultenacloche and others in Glenalmond, c. 1260 (Grandtully, I, p. 126.) Monaghe fiz Alpyn of the county of Perth rendered forced homage to Edward I of England in 1296. (From "The Surnames of Scotland" by George F. Black.) All Rights Reserved |
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